Urdu Studies Vol. 6, Issue 1, 2026

Challenges in Translating Faiz Ahmad Faiz into English: A Comparative Study of Agha Shahid Ali and Shiv K. Kumar


Shabeer Ahmad Shah
DOI:https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.23584769

Abstract: This paper examines the challenges involved in translating the poetry of Faiz Ahmad Faiz into English by Agha Shahid Ali and Shiv K. Kumar. Through a close comparative analysis of select poems, the study explores how each translator negotiates linguistic, cultural and ideological elements embedded in Faiz’s poetry. The paper explores differences in translation strategies, including literal versus interpretive rendering, preservation of poetic form and handling of socio-political nuances. Drawing on translation theories such as Linguistic theories, cultural theories, domestication and foreignization, the study argues that each translator constructs a distinct version of Faiz, thereby reshaping his poetic voice for different readerships. The analysis highlights the complexities of translating Urdu poetry into English and contributes to ongoing debates in translation studies and Urdu literary criticism.
Keywords: Translation, Urdu Poetry, literary translation, culture, domestication, foreignization

Works cited
Ahmad Faiz, Faiz. Nuskha Hai Wafa. (Kulliyat-e-Faiz) Educational Publishing House Delhi, 2016. Print.
Ali, Agha Shahid, translator.The Rebel’s Silhouette: Selected poems. Trans. Amherst: The U of Massachusetts. Press, 1995. Print.
Baker, Mona. Routledge Encyclopedia of Translation Studies, Routledge, 2001.
Firozuddin, Maulvi, Jame Firoz-ul-lughat Educational Publishing House Delhi, 1994.
Khan, Abdul Naseeb.A Critical Study of Translation of Modern Urdu Poetry into English. Indira Gandhi National Open University, New Delhi, 2015. Ph.D Thesis.
Kumar, Shiv K. translator.The Best of Faiz. New Delhi: UBSPD, 1995. Print.
Narang, Gopi Chand. “The Tradition and Innovation in the Poetry of Faiz.” Indian Literature, Vol. 28, no 2 1985, pp. 23-34 https://www.jstor.org /stable/24158254 Accessed 25 April 2026.
Nida, Eugene. Towards A Science of Translating: With Special Reference to Principles and Procedures in Bible Translation. Leiden University Press, 1964.
Rahman, Anisur. In Translation Positions and Paradigms. Orient Blackswan Private Limited. Hyderabad. 2019.
Venuti, Lawrence. The Translator’s Invisibility: A History of Translation. London & New York: Rou

Dr. Shabeer Ahmad Shah is an Assistant Professor in the Department of English at The Royal Group of Colleges, Barowal, Mansa, Punjab, India. He holds a PhD in English and an M.Phil in English. His academic interests include Translation Studies, Urdu Poetry, and Literary Criticism. He has published several research papers in reputed national and international journals.
Email: shahshabir993@gmail.com
ORCID: https://orcid.org/0009-0005-0061-6168

https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0